Posted by : Famz_Comunity Senin, 10 Maret 2014

Steam adalah salah satu portal game paling populer di dunia, terutama untuk kalangan pencinta PC game. Steam juga baru-baru ini meluncurkan sebuah fitur menarik, yaitu fitur meminjamkan gamekepada teman. Kamu dan teman-teman kamu bisa saling meminjamkan game, tanpa harus masing-masing membeli.

Steam juga tidak lama ini menetapkan sebuah program, dimana para developer dapat menentukan harga diskonnya sendiri. Nicholas LovellFounder dari Gamebriefs dan seorang penulis yang selalu membahas bisnis game, memiliki pendapat yang unik tentang Steam dan strategi mereka dalam menjualgame.
Menurut Lovell, pasar di Steam dapat diibaratkan layaknya konsep Joseph Bertrand, dimana produk yang dibuat memiliki kompetisi harga yang sangat ketat, setiap produsen/developer akan menurunkan harga hingga harga tersebut jatuh ke angka marginal cost. Valve telah membuat Steam sebagai pasar yang memiliki kompetisi yang sangat ketat.
“I set out the economic arguments for why a digital product will tend towards a cost of zero over time. Broadly put, an economist named Joseph Bertrand established that, all things being equal, in a competitive market, the cost of a product falls over time to the marginal cost, driven predominantly by competition…”
“There is an issue with Bertrand Competition: it excludes the impact of marketing; it assumes that one pair of shoes is as good as another pair of shoes; it doesn’t factor in the cost of comparison, or the cost of switching, all of which are real. But what it does say is that the thing that drives the cost of products down, particularly in the case of digital products with low marginal costs, is competition, not piracy. And by removing itself from the pricing process on Steam, Valve has just made its platform hyper-competitive” – Nicholas Lovell
Lovell juga mengaitkan hal ini dengan penjualan hardware. Menurut Lovell, Steam yang ingin merilis Steam Machine/Steambox pasti akan berkompetisi dengan game konsol. Steam tidak akan mungkin mengikuti jejak kompetitornya yang dimana kompetitornya (Microsoft dengan Xbox dan Sony dengan Playstation) memasang harga mahal untuk game-nya dan mensubsidikan keuntungan dari penjualan game ke biaya produksi mesin konsolnya.
Menurut Lovell, Steam ingin mencoba menjadikan game PC menjadi “gratis” karena hal ini akan menjadi senjata andalan untuk Steam agar bisa merebut pasar konsol dari Microsoft Xbox dan Sony Playstation. Terlebih dengan aksi Valve yang membuka akses untuk para developer (Greenlight), membuat game baru cepat tersedia (Early Access) dan juga menjadikan pasar mengatur harganya sendiri (para developermenentukan diskonnya sendiri).
“The Steambox is a competitor to consoles, created by Valve. It is supposed to provide an out-of-the-box PC gaming experience, although it struggles to compete on either price or on marketing with the consoles. It doesn’t seem as if Steam is keen to subsidise the costs of the box, not to the level that Microsoft and Sony are.
But what if Steam’s USP was thousands or tens of thousands of games for free? What if it competed with consoles by taking the Steve Jobs’ approach of an open platform with the price set by developers (and hence likely to tend to free, according to Bertrand Competition). What if Steam *wants* the PC market to go to free because it will be a powerful competitive weapon as it battles the console manufacturers.
Then I would expect Steam to open Steam to many more developers (Greenlight), to make games available fast (Early Access) and to give the market control over pricing (developers set their own sales).” – Nicholas Lovell
Lovell juga mengatakan bahwa Valve memang telah sukses untuk membuat skema bisnis game IAP/F2P. Jika memang Valve akan membuat setiap game yang berada di Steam menjadi F2P, hal ini akan membuat Valve menjadi banyak uang. Meskipun begitu, Lovell tidak berharap untuk Valve berhenti menyalurkan game yang berbayar, hanya saja menurut Lovell Valve seperti ingin membuka pasar lebih kepada teman-teman developer, dan ingin melihat bagaimana bisnis dan perilaku konsumen di pasargame.
“Valve makes money from the In-App Purchases discovered through its platform. It also makes money from selling games upfront. If customers are becoming more comfortable downloading games for free than paying for them upfront, Valve can make money either way.
That doesn’t mean I expect Valve to stop supporting paid games, in the same way that I don’t expect Apple or Google to do so. I do mean that Valve seems likely to open the market to more developers, to more experimentation and to more price points to see what works for consumers and businesses alike.” – Nicholas Lovell

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